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ImageProcessingBasics/.ipynb_checkpoints/ip_basics_part1-checkpoint.ipynb 0 → 100755
View file @ 0d477978
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Introduction to Image Processing\n",
"\n",
"The simplest signal is a sinusoidal wave. Sinusoidal waves have three independant parameters. They are: \n",
"* Amplitude, $A$\n",
"* Frequency, $f$\n",
"* Phase, $\\phi $\n",
"\n",
"The relationship between these parameters is given by the mathematical formula: \n",
"\\begin{equation}\n",
" f(t) =A \\cdot cos(2 \\pi f \\cdot t - \\phi)\n",
"\\end{equation}\n",
"\n",
"Where the variable $t$ represents time. \n",
"\n",
"In the following Illustrative, you can play around these values to get an intuitive feel of these variables\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
"model_id": "078c6da0ce0e4c6e8df63c920fdf9f6c",
"version_major": 2,
"version_minor": 0
},
"text/plain": [
"interactive(children=(IntSlider(value=2, description='Amplitude', max=4, min=-4), IntSlider(value=4, descripti…"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"from misc import *\n",
"out = interact(plotwave,Amplitude=IntSlider(description=\"Amplitude\",value=2,min=-4,max=4),Frequency=IntSlider(description=\"Freq (Hz)\",value=4,min=1,max=8),Phase=FloatSlider(description=\"Phase (rad)\",value=0.0,min=-2*pi,max=2*pi,step=0.5))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"slideshow": {
"slide_type": "skip"
}
},
"source": [
"Signals in real life applications, such as those recieved by your phone during a call, or a radio telescope observing the universe, or the signals from the gravitational wave detectors (LIGO/VIRGO) are quite obviously not simple sinusoids. \n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Processing any piece of data would require a mathematical way to describe these signals. Given that real life data are not simple sinusoids, it would require near infinite amounts of parameters to describe such data mathematically. Fortunately, as we shall see in this course, $all$ data can be expressed as a sum of simple sinusoids. Thus, you learn a powerful way to process real life data with arbitrary precision through this course! "
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.7.9"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 4
}
ImageProcessingBasics/.ipynb_checkpoints/ip_basics_part2-checkpoint.ipynb 0 → 100755
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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## Fourier Series\n",
"\n",
"In this part, we shall see that $any$ 1 dimensional curve, can be split into a sum of simple sine waves. \n",
"\n",
"To begin with, let us consider a box function."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Here, play with this interactive to get an intuitive feel for the box function"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
"model_id": "fa9462aff84f490f8bcb8c8c331d5501",
"version_major": 2,
"version_minor": 0
},
"text/plain": [
"interactive(children=(IntSlider(value=100, description='Width (pixels)', max=500, min=50, step=50), Output()),…"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<function misc.play_with_box_wave.<locals>.plotbox(width)>"
]
},
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"from misc import *\n",
"play_with_box_wave()\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"For the purpose of this tutorial, let us consider a box function $b(x)$, which has the value $1$ for $-a/2 \\lt x \\lt a/2$ and 0 otherwise. We shall input this function b(x) for x = 250, and try to decompose it into sinusoidal waves"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "NameError",
"evalue": "name 'plotbox' is not defined",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;31mNameError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-2-4ba5f1e5083d>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mplt\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mplot\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mplotbox\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mwidth\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m250\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0mreturn_label\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32mTrue\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[1;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'plotbox' is not defined"
]
}
],
"source": [
"plt.plot(play_with_box_wave.plotbox(width=250,return_label=True))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"As we learnt before, a sinusoidal wave requires three parameters: (Amplitude: $A$, Frequency: $f$, Phase: $\\phi$)\n",
"\n",
"In it's most general form, a Fourier Series can be represented in the following way\n",
"\\begin{equation}\n",
" f(x) = A_0 + \\sum\\limits_{k=1}^F A_k \\cdot cos(\\frac{2 \\pi k \\cdot x}{P} - \\phi_k)\n",
"\\end{equation}\n",
"\n",
"where F is the maximum frequency upto which analysis is done. Since we have set the range of frequencies that we need to study, the question now becomes to find the amplitudes and phases for all such frequencies. In the equation above, $P$ is the period of our input signal. For an arbitrary signal, $P$ is nothing but the length of the signal itself. $A_0$ is the constant term, or it can be considered as the amplitude of the wave having zero frequency. \n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"For each frequency component $k$, the amplitude and phase can be found out in the following way: \n",
"\\begin{equation}\n",
" a_k = \\frac{2}{P} \\sum\\limits_{i=0}^P s(i) \\cdot cos(\\frac{2\\pi i \\cdot k}{P}) \\\\\n",
" b_k = \\frac{2}{P} \\sum\\limits_{i=0}^P s(i) \\cdot sin(\\frac{2\\pi i \\cdot k}{P}) \\\\\n",
" A_k = \\sqrt(a_k^2 + b_k^2) \\\\\n",
" \\phi_k = tan^{-1}(\\frac{b_k}{a_k}) \\\\\n",
"\\end{equation}"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"As we increase the number of frequencies analysed, the reconstructed function looks closer to the input step function $s(x)$. Here, check for yourself! "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"play_with_reconstruction(getbox(500))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Let's have a look at the different sinusoidal waves that make up the step function as we decomposed before. Suppose we choose to reconstruct with 10 waves. "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"get_ipython().magic('matplotlib notebook')\n",
"out = interact_manual(interactive_reconstruction,InputSignal=fixed(box_input),F=IntSlider(value=3,min=1,max=15,step=1))\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Let us now use a randomly generated curve and see if that can also be reconstructed using sin waves"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"scrolled": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"get_ipython().magic('matplotlib inline')\n",
"randomlines = plot_random_lines()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"out = interact(reconstruct,InputSignal=fixed(randomlines),tot_freq=IntSlider(value=20,min=1,max=100,step=1),return_label=fixed(False))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"get_ipython().magic('matplotlib notebook')\n",
"out = interact_manual(interactive_reconstruction,InputSignal=fixed(randomlines),F=IntSlider(value=3,min=1,max=15,step=1))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.7.9"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 4
}
ImageProcessingBasics/.ipynb_checkpoints/ip_basics_part4-checkpoint.ipynb 0 → 100755
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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 2-D Image Processing\n",
"\n",
"Now that we considered 1-D signals and how the Fourier Transforms of those look like, let us move to signals which vary across two dimensions. An image taken by a digital camera is the most common example of a 2D signal. \n",
"\n",
"What do we mean when we say that an image is a 2-D signal? It means, essentially that an image is nothing but a matrix of numbers. We can actually see this matrix in any data management software like Python, Excel or Matlab. \n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from misc import *"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"application/vnd.jupyter.widget-view+json": {
"model_id": "efd53eb1622941d7b0296342a172f422",
"version_major": 2,
"version_minor": 0
},
"text/plain": [
"interactive(children=(IntSlider(value=50, description='Shift Y', max=240, min=5), IntSlider(value=50, descript…"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"<function misc.display_df(Image, i, j, box)>"
]
},
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"I = rgb2gray(plt.imread('cameraman.bmp'))\n",
"get_pixel_values(I)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Have a look at this image. Move the black rectangle around and see the numbers which form the image at this location. "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Each number in this matrix represents a 'pixel value'. When recording an image, photons excites several pixels in a detector and the resulting pattern is what we call an image. For image analysis, the pixel size is important as we shall see later. \n",
"\n",
"Next, we shall try to understand the concepts of spatial frequency and how the 1D analysis we did before applies to images. "
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.7.9"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 4
}
ImageProcessingBasics/.ipynb_checkpoints/ip_basics_part5-checkpoint.ipynb 0 → 100755
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ImageProcessingBasics/.ipynb_checkpoints/ip_basics_part6-checkpoint.ipynb 0 → 100755
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ImageProcessingBasics/environment.yml 0 → 100755
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name: ip_teaching
channels:
- defaults
dependencies:
- alabaster=0.7.12=py37_0
- argh=0.26.2=py37_0
- argon2-cffi=20.1.0=py37he774522_1
- astroid=2.4.2=py37_0
- atomicwrites=1.4.0=py_0
- attrs=20.1.0=py_0
- autopep8=1.5.4=py_0
- babel=2.8.0=py_0
- backcall=0.2.0=py_0
- bcrypt=3.2.0=py37he774522_0
- bleach=3.1.5=py_0
- brotlipy=0.7.0=py37he774522_1000
- ca-certificates=2020.7.22=0
- certifi=2020.6.20=py37_0
- cffi=1.14.2=py37h7a1dbc1_0
- chardet=3.0.4=py37_1003
- cloudpickle=1.6.0=py_0
- colorama=0.4.3=py_0
- console_shortcut=0.1.1=4
- cryptography=3.1=py37h7a1dbc1_0
- decorator=4.4.2=py_0
- defusedxml=0.6.0=py_0
- diff-match-patch=20200713=py_0
- docutils=0.16=py37_1
- entrypoints=0.3=py37_0
- flake8=3.8.3=py_0
- future=0.18.2=py37_1
- icu=58.2=ha925a31_3
- idna=2.10=py_0
- imagesize=1.2.0=py_0
- importlib-metadata=1.7.0=py37_0
- importlib_metadata=1.7.0=0
- intervaltree=3.1.0=py_0
- ipykernel=5.3.4=py37h5ca1d4c_0
- ipython=7.18.1=py37h5ca1d4c_0
- ipython_genutils=0.2.0=py37_0
- isort=5.4.2=py37_0
- jedi=0.17.1=py37_0
- jinja2=2.11.2=py_0
- jpeg=9b=hb83a4c4_2
- jsonschema=3.2.0=py37_1
- jupyter_client=6.1.6=py_0
- jupyter_core=4.6.3=py37_0
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- libpng=1.6.37=h2a8f88b_0
- libsodium=1.0.18=h62dcd97_0
- libspatialindex=1.9.3=h33f27b4_0
- m2w64-gcc-libgfortran=5.3.0=6
- m2w64-gcc-libs=5.3.0=7
- m2w64-gcc-libs-core=5.3.0=7
- m2w64-gmp=6.1.0=2
- m2w64-libwinpthread-git=5.0.0.4634.697f757=2
- markupsafe=1.1.1=py37hfa6e2cd_1
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- msys2-conda-epoch=20160418=1
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- notebook=6.1.1=py37_0
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- openssl=1.1.1g=he774522_1
- packaging=20.4=py_0
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- pandocfilters=1.4.2=py37_1
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- parso=0.7.0=py_0
- pathtools=0.1.2=py_1
- pexpect=4.8.0=py37_1
- pickleshare=0.7.5=py37_1001
- pip=20.2.2=py37_0
- pluggy=0.13.1=py37_0
- prometheus_client=0.8.0=py_0
- prompt-toolkit=3.0.7=py_0
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- pycodestyle=2.6.0=py_0
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- pylint=2.6.0=py37_0
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- rtree=0.9.4=py37h21ff451_1
- send2trash=1.5.0=py37_0
- setuptools=49.6.0=py37_0
- sip=4.19.8=py37h6538335_0
- six=1.15.0=py_0
- snowballstemmer=2.0.0=py_0
- sortedcontainers=2.2.2=py_0
- sphinx=3.2.1=py_0
- sphinxcontrib-applehelp=1.0.2=py_0
- sphinxcontrib-devhelp=1.0.2=py_0
- sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp=1.0.3=py_0
- sphinxcontrib-jsmath=1.0.1=py_0
- sphinxcontrib-qthelp=1.0.3=py_0
- sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml=1.1.4=py_0
- spyder=4.1.5=py37_0
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- sqlite=3.33.0=h2a8f88b_0
- terminado=0.8.3=py37_0
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- tornado=6.0.4=py37he774522_1
- traitlets=4.3.3=py37_0
- typed-ast=1.4.1=py37he774522_0
- ujson=1.35=py37hfa6e2cd_0
- urllib3=1.25.10=py_0
- vc=14.1=h0510ff6_4
- vs2015_runtime=14.16.27012=hf0eaf9b_3
- watchdog=0.10.3=py37_0
- wcwidth=0.2.5=py_0
- webencodings=0.5.1=py37_1
- wheel=0.35.1=py_0
- win_inet_pton=1.1.0=py37_0
- wincertstore=0.2=py37_0
- winpty=0.4.3=4
- wrapt=1.11.2=py37he774522_0
- yaml=0.2.5=he774522_0
- yapf=0.30.0=py_0
- zeromq=4.3.2=ha925a31_3
- zipp=3.1.0=py_0
- zlib=1.2.11=h62dcd97_4
- pip:
- cycler==0.10.0
- imageio==2.9.0
- ipysheet==0.4.4
- ipywidgets==7.5.1
- joblib==0.16.0
- kiwisolver==1.2.0
- matplotlib==3.3.1
- networkx==2.5
- numpy==1.19.2
- pandas==1.1.2
- pillow==7.2.0
- pywavelets==1.1.1
- scikit-image==0.17.2
- scikit-learn==0.23.2
- scipy==1.5.2
- threadpoolctl==2.1.0
- tifffile==2020.9.3
- widgetsnbextension==3.5.1
prefix: C:\Users\abharadwaj1\Anaconda3\envs\ip_teaching
ImageProcessingBasics/filters.py 0 → 100755
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Wed Sep 16 13:39:21 2020